Virtue Ethical Theory Essay Example for Free

Virtue Ethical Theory Es submitTo be Happy, isnt that what heart is all closely? Some skirt off it eudaimonia. Aristotle, one of the many large(p) philosophers of our time, defined eudaimonia as that at which all intimacys aim. Meaning, your life has have together as a whole, thus leading you to be happy. However, Aristotle also says that aiming for happiness is non what should I do, sort of what sort of person should I frame? For example, if we look at the people around us, we should only see people doing the things they feel they will be successful at, which will ultimately lead to great happiness, similar going to school and getting a good job, which leads to things like a house, car, vacations and family. Flourishing is another ordinary term, which marrow to grow or damp in a healthy way. It is not the kind of happiness you would get from winning the lottery or existence lucky, scarcely rather from doing, and accomplishing. So why do we still see people fail ing and unhappy around us? If we look at their choices and perhaps their ethical beliefs, we start to understand where ethical motive belongs in the journey of life, which leads me to what I am going to discuss, fair play theory. I will explain and offer an evaluation of this theorys strengths and weaknesses, as well as what it means to be immaculate.Aristotle believed that there be two types of virtue intellectual virtues and moral virtues. Intellectual virtues be taught and moral virtues argon developed through habit. (Richard Kraut, 2012). He believed that you are not just born a virtuous person, rather it is a s pour down acquired through tabu ones lifetime. It is a committed way of living excellent. A common example used in todays description of virtue theory, is learning to play an instrument. To learn an instrument bump offs daily pr betice that sometimes takes years to master until it becomes import nature. To become virtuous takes the same dedication to become habit forming. Aristotle believed that all people have the possibility to learn moral education, i.e. the right way to act in different placements. However, Aristotle believed virtues gougenot only be taught but that one must, nearly importantly connect with what it means to be virtuous. (SparkNotes Editors on Aristotle, 2005). Virtuous people are most commonly adults because they acquired these virtues though practice and by aspiring to be virtuous people at a young age.Virtue moral philosophy avoid using a formula to determine ones actions, opposed most ethical theories, which involve rules and actions. It is based on character and focuses on the kind of person we ought to be, rather then what we ought to do. In Immanuel Kants deontology theory, a person makes a decision based on certain rules or principles. (Christopher Panza, 2010). Even though humans are naturally inclined to do what nature tells them to do, they often do not. Kant defines this as acting from motive of duty. F or example, deontology is the belief that killing mortal is wrong, even if it was self-defense. John mill about Utilitarian theory, sometimes referred to as consequentialism, is defined as the greatest good for the greatest number of people. (Chrishopher Panza, 2010). For example, sacrificing one needy person to save fifty innocent people or to choose the least bad of several bad options for the greatest amount of good.The theory of Aristotles golden mean, states that virtue is a lay of moderation between two vices. (Karen Murdarasi, 2008). Which simply means too little of a good thing is undesirable, and too much of a bad thing is undesirable. A person who shares too much of their wealth is wasteful rather than a person who doesnt share any is stingy. Generosity would be the virtue between the two means. Another famous example is the virtue of courage. Courage lies between the vices of rashness and cowardice. The coward has too much fear or fear when he shouldnt have any. The rash person has little fear and too much confidence.The courageous person has the right amount. But how are we to know just now how much of anything is right for anybody? Different degrees are needed for different situations for different people. Aristotle repeatedly reminds us that everyone is different and that virtues do not rely on religion, society, or culture. Instead it depends on the individuals themselves and the individual situation. We must understand that this doesnt mean that cheating on your spouse occasionally is acceptable, nor is it tolerable to cheat frequently. We simply wouldnt do it because virtuous people would take pride in being loyal and staying faithful to each other.There are many virtues that Aristotle lists, but most famously there are four underlying virtues care, justice, fortitude, and temperance. Prudence is the virtue that allows us to correctly know what is right and wrong in any tending(p) situation to choose between virtuous and vicious acti ons. When we think back to the popular example of courage, an act of prudence would be being able to mention the difference between the two vices. When acts are courageous rather than rash or cowardly.Like the other cardinal virtues, prudence is a virtue that can be adapted by anyone. Prudence is an intellectual virtue more(prenominal) than a moral virtue because we can learn it, but it is very connected to the moral virtues. We couldnt learn prudence without moral virtues and it is not possible to be prudent and not morally good. An example of prudent behavior would be choosing an appropriate time and place of acting in a given situation. We wouldnt go on Facebook while we were at work, nor would an individual decide to exertion by and by having too many drinks at a party because prudence requires us to judge correctly for a specific situation.Justice is another cardinal virtue. It is ranked as the second of the cardinal virtues, behind prudence, but before fortitude and tem perance. Justice means give each person what he or she is right wide-cuty due. For example if we lend money to a friend, it is right for us to get back what weve lent. We have the right to be given back what we are due and the friend has an obligation to pay back what he or she owes. We often say that justice is blind because it should not matter what we think of a particular person. If we owe him a debt, we must repay him back. Justice is also related to the idea of rights. We often use justice as a forbid point when we say things such as he got what he deserves, but used in its proper meaning it is dogmatic. Injustice happens when individuals or the law deprives psyche of something that he is owed.Fortitude is the third cardinal virtue. This virtue is commonly referred to as courage. Using courage to do the right thing is fortitude. Using courage to do the wrong thing is called obstinacy. Fortitude is about strength of the mind Mental and emotional strength needed while facing adversity, pain, difficulty or risk of exposure in achieving ones goals. We can use this virtue to overcome our fears and strengthen our character. When practicing fortitude, the person is willing to put him or herself in danger if necessary, but does not look for danger for fun. It is when a person endures pain or misfortune and doesnt complain about it. It is fighting the good fight and never giving up no matter what.Temperance is the ability to restrain yourself from good pleasure, such as eating or drinking, when doing so will benefit yourself or others. It is a form of self-discipline. Eating and drinking are all necessary for our survival, but if we over eat, we call that the vice of gluttony. Likewise, if we overindulge in alcoholic beverages we call that drunkenness. Temperance has nothing to specifically with how much we eat or drink its about how much control you have over these things. Everyone wants to be in control of their own actions because that is one of the thing s we were designed for.In my research of morality, I often thought of the TV show The Walking Dead, which deals with how a society is laboured to handle a zombie apocalypse. What is different about this show than other zombie shows, is that The Walking Dead focuses more on the characters and the human response to the apocalypse rather than focusing just on the zombies. The Walking Dead is focused around Rick, a small-town Sheriffs deputy, his family and a number of other survivors who have came together as a group in order to survive in the world after it has been taking over by zombies or as the characters call them, Walkers. If bitten by one of the Walkers, the victim dies a horrible death only to resurrect a short time later. How do the 4 cardinal virtues put one over when you are in the midst of a zombie apocalypse? What does Eudaimonia mean to those that are fighting to stay alive at every bit? What would Aristotle do?Virtue ethics applies a great amount in The Walking Dea d. Surviving amongst the zombies is without a doubt, the most challenging threat. As they learn more about the zombies, they find ways to avoid them and distract them, but most importantly they learn and master the most efficient and beneficial ways to kill them. It is surviving amongst the humans that, then becomes the most challenging threat.Prudence is most definitely practiced while living through the zombie apocalypse. Its about doing the topper thing based on the circumstances. Prudence is always about doing the right thing or doing the good thing most effectively. Rick responds with prudence to most situations, but again it is based on the circumstances. Some of the decisions he makes in this situation he wouldnt need to make if there was not a zombie apocalypse happening.He makes the decision to give his 12-year-old son a gun and teaches him to use it for self-defense against the zombies and other humans that threaten him and his family. This proves to be very prudent becaus e Carl saves many lives after knowing and learning how to use a gun. Another example of prudence in an extreme situation like this might have been when Rick and the gang run across a group of prisoners, some with better intentions than others. One of the prisoners, aggravated with Ricks leadership, right off tries to kill him during a zombie attack, not once but twice. Rick does not think twice and buries a machete into his skull. Maybe he was being prudent by eliminating the future threat to his family and group.Justice in the land of people-eating zombies will never be similar to justice in our normal world. If someone murders someone in our zombie-free world, we have laws that will bring justice to that situation. When someone murders in The Walking Dead, it is usually in self-defense, but there is still no government or laws that will bring justice to that situation. Many believe justice was brought when Shane, Ricks best friend and partner on the jurisprudence force, finally died.When Shane left Otis for dead after shooting him in the leg to distract the zombies, or blatantly verbalized his feelings that he wanted to call off the search for Sophie or when he attempted to kill Rick on three different occasions, one can only hope justice will be done. A few episodes later, Rick kills Shane in self-defense, therefore justice was done. Another example of justice in The Walking Dead is when Michonne stabs the governor in the eye, trying to kill him. He has done nothing but lie to everyone, kill innocent people, and he also sent men after her to kill her. So she tried to kill him but instead popped his eye out. Again, justice would be different if the zombie apocalypse was not in full swing.Mental strength or fortitude is shown in numerous situations in The Walking Dead. These characters put themselves in danger, almost always to try tobetter the situation for the group. In one scene, Rick and Glenn need to get to a vehicle and they figure out that covering themselves with zombie guts and blood allows them to walk among the Walkers unnoticed. That would take extreme mental strength and courage. Another example is when Lori, Ricks wife, sacrifices her life for her unborn baby. In the same scene, she asks her 12-year-old son to shoot her in the thinker immediately after the baby is born to prevent her from turning into a Walker. Again, they both show fortitude for the situation they were put in.Temperance or the barrier of a pleasurable act, might not be the same in a normal world than during a zombie apocalypse. Their world is in get it on turmoil and there is a shortage of everything from food to bullets. When they find food in the prison they have to ration it to last a long time. If someone were to be gluttonous or to lose self-control during this situation it could be detrimental.If eudaimonia is happiness or human fulfillment then how does that apply in a zombie apocalypse? Maybe staying alive is maximum happiness? Just getting through everyday is fulfillment enough. Staying virtuous in a zombie land is a virtue in itself. Without law or fear of punishment, no one is trustworthy. The living, are as dangerous, if not more sullen than the undead.Living virtuously in a zombie-infected world is where one can find flaws in the virtue theory. Aristotle believed our obtainment of virtues could only take us so far. In order to become a virtuous person, one must demonstrate virtues in a certain type of world, not in a zombie infested post apocalyptic nightmare world.In our normal world, virtue theory also has its flaws. After all, if ethical theories didnt have flaws philosophers would be out of a job. One of the problems with virtue ethics is that there is no general agreement on what the virtues are. What may seem virtuous to one person may not be to the next. Everyone has their own idea of virtue in any situation, and even if they act with good intentions it may not bring out the best in the situation. How do we decide what virtues are the best for everyone? The idea of what is a virtue may change and may differ from time to time or from place to place. If there is no universal or generally accepted standard of what the virtues are, is this really a solid basis for an ethical life? individual(a) and cultural virtues are never going to be the same.Susan Wolf points out an additional disadvantage in the theory of virtue ethics. She claims that if everyone were virtuous there would be no incitement or diversity in the world. By this she meant that we need negative traits in the world to be able to recognize and distinguish the positive ones and learn how to develop our characters. (Mr. C Farrow, 2010)Virtue ethics is also accused of not giving enough guidance for particular moral dilemmas. So unlike deontology or utilitarianism, it doesnt give us a formula for our actions. It doesnt give us an easy way to tell what the right thing is to do. It would say the right thing to do is what a virt uous person would do. However, if we lack that particular virtue it is not that easy know what that means.To wrap things up, virtue ethics was originally developed as an opposing theory to deontology and utilitarianism. Though it is clear virtue ethics has its advantages and disadvantages, it seems to be the most logical and morally conscientious of the three ethics. The disadvantages listed above can be easily cleared up with Aristotles explanation that there are no permanent rules in ethics. Virtue ethics attempts to bring out the best in any individual and encourages us to be better people. By using the theory of virtue ethics, people are encouraged to develop their own character by aspiring to be virtuous like others. Repetition is the key to making actions a habit, and once these virtuous acts become second nature, then that person can become virtuous

Motivation Theories for Becoming a Teacher

Motivation Theories for Becoming a TeacherABSTRACTThis paper identifies some the prompt factors of selecting instruction as a career. An emailed questionnaire was conducted to identify the key motivating factors they chose to become teachers. A total of 100 questionnaires were sent out asking Why did you consume commandment as a career pickaxe? 63 men and women that are either current elementary precept majors or current elementary school teachers participated. The survey result concludes that the motivating factors include a variety of what individuals valued in a job and what they needed in their life at that particular time. Surprisingly, factors such as financial incentives, pass, and holidays forward were not high on my survey results as being the reason they hire inform as a career. This study proves that thither are individuals that choose to go into elementary school teaching to inform, to guide, to enlighten, and to inspire students. My survey participants made com ments in their responses that teaching has many rewards but the most valuable one is that they forthwith affect the lives of the student they teach.INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this paper is for me to understand why so many chosen teaching as a profession when the cost for teaching seems to decline year after year. My study involved undergraduates, postgraduates, and current elementary school teachers in the public and catholic school sector. To choice education as a career you must cook some type of striving force behind it, such as motif. Motivation in outlay their day with other piles children shaping their young minds for tomorrow and shaping a young mind is a dispute task and has always been a challenging task throughout the years. And the truth of the matter is the challenge goes beyond just the student, but the challenge also lies with dealing with parents, the other faculty, and all the problems that go along with student problems at home such as abuse.Exploring how motivat ion plays a factor when choosing teaching as a career lead to three of import areas from those who decided to make teaching a career. (1) Altruistic reason a desire to help children succeed, (2) Intrinsic reason having a special interest or expertise in a subject matter that you want to share or cover, and (3) Extrinsic reason a person only is interested in the holidays off and summer vacations. My questionnaire results touches on all three reasons.MOTIVATIONYou must have motivation when choosing teaching in elementary schools as a career. Recto (2005) say what motivates individuals to go into teaching is very crucial. Motivation is a vital force that drives ones behavior toward initiating and carrying out the tasks that go along with being a teacher. Peoples reason for get together the teaching profession can be explained through their motives to do so. Motivation and understanding the reasons why people enter the teaching profession and what makes them stay or leave is essenti al, particularly, if we want success in maintaining a stable teaching force that contributes to teacher education quality and excellence. (Soh, 2008).Motivation is the process that gives ones behavior and choice purpose and direction. With such direction, the attention of the individual is focused on a particular goal, which is persistently worked on until it is fulfilled. Real teaching requires having motivation because teachers are forever and a day asking students to take big risks or to try a new way of thinking.UNDERGRADUATES VIEWS OF TEACHING AS A CAREER OPTIONAn individual last to go into teaching or not is believed to be influenced by what they value in a job. (Kyriacou and Newson, 2008). If we are able to identify those factors which individuals consider important in their choice of career, and highlight the factors in teaching which match these, and then we might hope to persuade better qualified students to consider teaching. (Johnson and Birkeland, 2003). To help stud ent make the choice of being a teacher should start in elementary school, high school, and in college teachers should inspire their students so that the students want more than(prenominal) than anything else to become a teacher. Teachers need to express to the students frequently that they love teaching. Teachers should also encourage students to become teachers themselves. Overall, teachers must encourage with example, and that example is showing that they love their jobs. Teachers should also encourage directly, suggesting that eachone at least consider teaching as a profession. These were some of the components missing in my own educational career as I prepared as an undergraduate student to become a teacher. In my studies I came across several classmates that appeared to be natural leaders but they opt out of sightly a teacher because they didnt see any personal satisfaction. Its unfortunate that the teacher didnt work more with those individuals to put their talent to work in the classroom, rather than permit them slip off and use those talents in a boardroom.Undergrads who start their studies to become teachers made the decision to train as teachers, and the image of teaching as a career has had some influence in their decision. In other words, the view undergraduate student have of what they want from a career and how they view teaching as a career may well differ from the views of those who choose not to enter teaching. If we are to get a clearer understanding of what attracts and motives certain people into teaching, we may find an answer to making the educational program a more successful one in recruiting student to take up teaching as career. If more well-qualified graduates are to be encouraged to decide to teach, we need to identify those factors which are important to them in choosing a career and then be able to persuade them that teaching offers what they are looking for.In general, understanding undergraduates views of teaching as a care er option can helpful when coming up with teacher recruitment campaigns to target the now shrinking military man of teaching.Arellano (2004), stated that public dissatisfaction with schools included dissatisfaction with teacher education. In fact, education schools have been criticized as ineffective in preparing for their work and not responsive to new demands. This observation agreed with McCreights (2000) pointing out that one reason why teachers leave the teaching profession is their discovery that their teacher education program had not actually prepared them for the realities of teaching. I can relate to that statement by McCreight, 2000. At the horse opera Illinois University start in Macomb, Illinois speaker Dr. Marcus Dewitt, an educator for NASA, said Teaching is a way of shaping the young minds of today for tomorrow. Its a challenging task that you the graduation class of 1994 have chosen to make a career. I believe the challenge Dr. Dewitt was referring to was teachi ng the unteachable. As a 20 year old effeminate coming out of college the challenge I was experiencing within was motivation on how to get through to the young minds of today. The truth is, teaching was demanding back in 1994 and it lull is today. No doubt the choice to become a teacher is a decision to make a significant impact on the future and no career is simply easy or has no problems. But in 1994 I lacked the energy and the conviction that was needed to make a difference in the classrooms.INTERVIEW RESULTS INTRINSIC, ALTRUISTIC, EXTRINSIC REWARDSA total of 102 questionnaires of the 200 distributed were returned completed. After reviewing the 102 questionnaires 15 of the sample were male teachers, and 75 were female teachers. Twelve were students at both University of Illinois in Chicago and DePaul University in Chicago. Five are studying Curriculum Arts subjects (such as English and History majors), and 7 are studying Curriculum apprehension subjects (such as Biology, Chem istry, and Mathematics majors).My results from that questionnaire will be classified into three categories, namely (1) intrinsic, (2) extrinsic, and (3) altruistic. Intrinsic reasons dwells on the enjoyment of teaching and the school environment. Extrinsic reasons include the motivation behind ones liking teaching such as long summer breaks and holidays. Altruistic reasons include being concerned with opportunities for making a difference in the lives of young people. The result of my questionnaire overwhelming agrees that most people motivations for pursuing a career in teaching was due to the altruistic reward. On the contrary, only 7 were motivated by extrinsic rewards.Other important factors about my questionnaire was the fact that most participates commented that teaching as a career choice is something that they were told would be enjoyable. interestingly a good starting base salary was said by all the undergraduate students I questioned. Particularly findworthy in my study t here were a number of individuals mentioned they have a desire to work with children, a job where I will contribute to society and a job which gives me responsibility. In my research, Harms, and Knobloch (2005), states that recruitment effort for future teachers should be based on intrinsic motivation. Teachers who chose formal education as a career had intrinsic motives, while those who mean to pursue non-formal education careers had extrinsic motives. Here are some of the other responses to my questionnaire that stood out and is worth notingAltruistic answers included 1) The ability to contribute to the development of every child that seeks my help. 2) Promote the value of education to not only kids but to the parents as well. 3) Touch the lives of a child and become part of their success. 4) To make our world knowledgeable. 5) The kids help me keep myself learning and abreast of what is happening in the world. 6) Give direction to our lost generation. 7) Be able to leave a lasti ng bequest in the world is my desire. 8) Be a role model to a nation of kids.Intrinsic answers included 1) Enhance my communication skill in and foreign the classroom. 2) Develop my self-confidence that I lack. 3) Develop my decision making skills for career advancement. 3) Improve problem-solving skills for my own kids. 4) Enhance my own personal thinking skills. 5) Give myself more leadership skills. 6) Practice my creativity.Extrinsic answers included 1) Take advantage of an educational scholarship grant. 2) To become popular in the community. 3) To take long summer vacation trips. 4) Enjoy the 2 weeks vacation Christmas break for traveling. 5) Get employed immediately. 6) Being in a union. 7) Being able to enjoy the government and non-government perks of being a teacher.On final note that is worth mentioning in this study results is that none of my participates gave mention about the governments commitment towards education or the dealings with disruptive pupils or even the med ia images of teachers as a factor in their choice to teach.CONCLUSIONTeachers overwhelmingly say they love what they do. They say it allows them to contribute to society and help others. And they would choose teaching again as a career, if they had the choice. If a person has a genuine interest in helping children realize their dreams, and want to play a part in improving our society, then those are enough motivating factors I realize in doing my study to teach. On a personal note just because I have been taught by many teachers does not mean I knew what it would take to be a teacher. The best thing for me was to learn more about the teaching profession, by asking a teacher I knew and admire about how he or she became a teacher and why.

Marketing mix components role in market strategy

merchandise mix components role in merchandise strategyThe firms melodic phrase organization is to find the best solution for its grocerying decisions variables. The settings constitute its food marketing-MIX. The M-Mix is the framework of policies which ar used by the marketer to get success in the field of marketing.The market MIX in the form of 4Ps is interdependent on all(prenominal) others. The following are the components of Marketing mix on that point are four types of components1. PRODUCT2. expenditure3. PROMOTION4. PLACECOMPONENTSSSPRODUCTPRICEPROMOTIONONPLACE1. Pricing Objectives2. Price Fixation3. Discount Policy4. credit rating cost1. advertise2. Sales -Promotions3. customer -Aids4. Sales -Contests1. Channels2. Inventory -Level3. Warehousing4. Transport -ation5. Retailing1. Planning2. Features3. Variety4. Branding5. Packging6. LabellingFigure 1 Components of 4ps Marketing Mix.1. PRODUCT MIX-Product is total total of tangible and intangible attributes in cludes crop designs, style, size, colour, makeing, packaging, labeling etc. Some important variables of Product Mix are explained herePRODUCT DESIGNPRODUCT trackPRODUCTQUALITYFigure 2 Important Variables of Product Mix.Product DesignProduct must be designed in a look as desired by the target consumers. Good designing increases sales. It is truly important features in consumer results ilk shoes, readymade gar manpowerts etc.Product LineIt is a throng of airlessly related product. For example BPL Co. manufacturing Televisions, Music System, etc.Product calibreProduct Quality depends on design, material used, workmanship etc. The quality privy be fixed in terms of size, weight, colour, shape, flavour etc.2. PRICE-The value of product expressed in terms of money is known as Price, vendee and seller drop only exchange effectuals and service on the agreed price.Some important variables of PRICE MIX are explained herePricing policies and strategiesTerms of creditResale price ma intenanceProfit marginFigure 3 Important Variables of Price Mix.Pricing policies and strategiesThe pricing policies and strategies are the guidelines which helps the producer in find watch forward the price as to match the market necessarily. The price is depends upon factors like demand, cost, competition, nature etc.Terms of creditTo increase the sales, credit sales are necessary. Credit sales is necessary to run the business it veritablely increases the profitability. It is decided on types of customers.Resale price maintenanceIt removes price competition and increases the goodwill of the firm. Resale price maintenance is a practice and a rootage to earn money.Profit marginProfit margin is a difference mingled with the final price paid by a customer and cost of production .This include margin of retailer, wholesaler and the producer.3. PROMOTION-Promotion is a mean by which marketer talk to its existing and potentiality customers. It is a mixture of communication. Promoti on efforts can be Personal or Impersonal. It is depend on customers acceptance.Some Important variables of promotion mix are explained ere in the flesh(predicate) SELLINGTRADE FAIRSPUBLIC RELATIONSSALES PROMOTIONFigure 4 Important Variables of Promotion Mix.Personal sellingAn oral communication between a firm and its customers is known as Personal selling. In order to make best use of sale force, proper policies should be prepare regarding selection, training, recruitment, need and controlling.Sales PromotionA bridge between advertising and personal selling is known as Sales promotion.Trade fairsTrade fairs are the places where manufactures and dealers self-contained for selling their products.Public RelationsIt is an attempt to achieve good relation with public. Public Include customers, banks, shareholders, suppliers, competitors etc.4. PLACE-The smooth flow of goods and its services from the manufacturer to consumer by creating at a lower place time and to the proper place is known as Place Mix.Some Important variables of promotion mix areTRANSPORTATIONWAREHOUSING catalogue LEVELSDISTRIBUTION CHANNELPHYSICAL DISTRIBUTIONFigure 5 Important Variables of Promotion Mix. deathThus, at that place are four types of components of MARKETING MIX.They are laboursaving in different ways to design the market strategy. Top summaries about the 4ps Marketing mix, there are some bullet points to remember, as follows4Ps are interdependent on each other( each depend on others)4Ps constitute your Marketing Strategy.Independent Variables ( We can Control These)Product is only one P.Sales wad is the dependent variable.Q2 Explain the importance of divisionation? Justify yours arguments with examples? macrocosmMarket class is the sub-division of a market into homogeneous subsets of customers. It is the strategy of dividing markets in order to charm them. It is consumer-oriented. In this supply is bended according to demand. Thus, e really area of market can be addressed with a targeted marketing mix.Importance of variance acquaintance ofMarketOpportunitiesKnowledge ofCustomersNeedsIncreaseOfSales volumeBetter assessmentOf the competitionProper AllocationOfRe springsAdjustments in ProductsHelpful in Advertising unspoiled for consumersFigure 6 Types of Segmentation.There are five importances of segmentations1. Knowledge of market opportunities-With the help of market segmentation Marketers are in a give position to locate and compare the opportunities of market. E.g. In rural area there is less scope for sports facilities so the marketers can readjust their strategy.2. Proper allocation of resources-Segmentation lead to proper allocation of resources because customer is the focus of all marketing efforts therefore he can allocate his limited financial resources according to the needs of different segments.3. Knowledge of customers needs-All marketing activities are directed towards the satisfaction of consumer. With the help of segmentation it beco mes behind to measure the level of segmentation in easy segment and also to make improvements in the segmentation level.4. Increase in sales volume-The market producer can increases his sales volume by segment with the help of knowing demand pattern of the product. E.g. Clinic All Clear manufacturers provide variety of shampoos like clinic all clear Anti-Dandruff shampoo clinic all clear for men for its different customers.5. Better assessment of the competition-These segmentation of market helps in assessing correctly the strength and weakness of the competitors. It also helps to know the level of competition in each segment. If the competitors has upstandinghold any segments, there is no use in wasting resources on much(prenominal) segments.6. Adjustment in products-Under market segmentation marketers can easily make finer adjustments in their products and market communication according to the change in taste, need, nature and income of the consumers.7. Helpful in advertising- With the help of market segmentation consumers through effective advertising media then the choices, habits, preferences, needs of different buyer groups are duly recognized.8. Beneficial for consumers-Segment results in product wars between the behemoth manufacturers. E.g. Coca-Cola Vs Pepsi, Polo Vs Mint, Colgate Vs Close Up and so on.Other Importance of Market SegmentationBy focusing the relevant segments, marketers can get benefits very accurately.In market segmentation, a marketer is able to create rude(a) market for his products.Segmentation also helps in best allocation of marketing figure.By segmentation the producer, the working of different intermediaries or the distribution channels can be effectively evaluated.CONCLUSIONThus, we conclude that MARKET SEGMENTATION helps the manufacturers and the marketers to match their products with the real needs of the consumers groups. It is Beneficial for customers. It is helpful to Increase in sales volume.Q3.Choose a product of your own choice and how does branding helps to promote this product?INTRODUCTIONBranding is a surgical process by which a product is branded. It is a process of stamping a product with the some identifies name and mark. It means giving a distinct individuality to a product. Branding gives a specified name to a product or group of products of one seller. Branding gives the product individuality.MEANING OF BRANDINGA brand is a name, term, sign, symbol, or design used to identify the product of one firm and to differentiate them from the products of the competitors. A brand is an integral part of the symbol be on the product. Once the business start running on full stream, branding helps a lot in sense of strategy.To lead to this discussion I am going to discuss on footwear (shoes) as my product for this. There are different types of brand in footwear market and prudence of each of these brands is extremely deep, but to make this discussion be specific I like to specifically talk on one brand named NIKE. abridgment of Nike BrandNike is a group of companies and distribution of footwear, cloths and sports products. They manufacture and distribute more than 200 models of footwear, spanning specialties in many sports, from running, basketball, to soccer and baseball cleats, to golf.Each product of Nike is current, voguish and sleek.Nike is an equipment, shoe and athletic apparel company. Most of their customers are richly performance athletes. They also are consistent with who does not fit their target market virtually of us Basically, Nike has built an international enterprise around heyday performing athletes. There are more than 100 athletes signed on and wearing Nike product for promotions and marketing. The success and performance of the Nike is represented by athletes are their target market.Nike obviously meets their needs.To meet their target market they do such a good job, in fact, it has brought some criticism. There is large form of shoe manufact urer and handful of them is easily recognizable, I would like to give voice it is quite up and down in the shoe business. In the market of pricing, Nike is always in line with their competitors. Most of competitors against Nike are Adidas, Reebok, New Balance, and many others, depending on the specific need.This is very common now-a-days for the high ambitious competitors and surprising as they could receive more of a premium for their product. Nike uses some psychological techniques to boost their marketing with the name of brands. As Nike brand is very reliable and soft. They offer majority of warranties of the product with make trust bond between customer and company, and attract more customers. As they offer the best product in the market, once a customer bought product they do verbal marketing subsequently using the product, which helps the company in sales and more profitable.Nike organizes events for their customer and offer vouchers on the limited sales which attract more customers for future. Nike provides more than 300 of styles and provides choices to customers.In terms of distribution, Nike has found all the rectify places.Sports retailers such JJb sports, sports Direct, Sports authorisation and some of the branded sole traders are common places to find them.As the modern world come to online selling, now Nike starts providing home delivery to their customers under their budget prices. Nike manufacture shoes in the season and try to sell within the season with the new modified pieces for next seasons, if they found out of season and out of production, they starts selling on discount outlets for the clearance purpose. This strategy provides Nike product to the customer who are unable to buy product in the season because of high prices.CONCLUTION after analyzing Nike strategies, marketing mix, the product and promotion of Nike is admirable. These techniques show us that with an edge towards excellence, any branded product can achieve dominance.Q4 . Carry out the SWOT digest for a company of your own choice?INTRODUCTIONSWOT stands for S-STRENGTHW-WEAKNESSO-OPPORTUNITYT-THREATTo analyse the concept of SWOT, I studied NOKIA Corporation. In the Telecommunication equipment market Nokia Corporation named in worlds largest manufactures. It has since established a leading brand presence in many local markets. GSM, CDMA and WCDMA are the common known mobile communication equipments offered by NOKIA in the current market. Not only electronic satellite but mobile phone infrastructure and many other telecommunications equipments such as broadband recover, master mobile radio, traditional voice telephony, wireless LAN, ISDN, voice over IP and a line of satellite receivers.SWOT Analysis of the Company NokiaStrengthsNokia has very strong financial aspects, with much more profits in the business. It has largest network of distribution and selling as compared to other mobile phone company in the world. It is plunk for with the high quali ty and professional team in the HRD Dept. The product being user friendly and have all the accessories one want that is why is in great demand making it No-1 selling mobile phones in the world. There are many choices of products available for all class. There are many good prices of second hand NOKIA mobile phones compared to other mobile phones.WeaknessAfter analyzing Nokia, we found out about lots of strengths and some weakness. The cost of the product offered by company is one of them. Some of the technology used by NOKIA is not user friendly, which is not helping the targeted customers. The price of the product is another main issue. There are very few service centers for the Nokia product repairs, which cause to bad service after sale.OpportunityNokia has large number of opportunity to increase its business in international market. With the large number of different types of products, mixer of features and wide selection price range for all people, it has an advantage over the competitors around. Nokia has to target right customer at right time to gain the most out of the situation according to the standard of living in the world, which will increased the purchasing power of the people and sales market of the company.ThreatsAs every company has to face many crisis and threats in their marketing, financial and development, Nokia also has to face many threats to fishing rig to maintain its position as market leader in the international market. The common threats for Nokia is like emerging of other telecommunication companies in the international market with huge range of product. The companies like Sony Ericsson, Apple (iPhone), Blackberry (Smartphone), Android, Motorola and Cingular (U.S) etc. These companies have come to the stand of tough competition with Nokia in the field of Mobile Phones. Threats for Nokia from others include, providing catchpenny(prenominal) phones, new style and type, new features, good services after sale etc. So, Nokia has to keep in mind that there are many growing competitors around the world and how to take over them.CONCLUSIONIn SWOT Analyses we know about the STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITY, THREATS of the company. Here we choose NOKIA Company. STRENGTH and WEAKNESS are within the company. OPPORTUNITY and THREAT are foreign the company.Q5Anylyse the external factors that can affect the promotion of a product?INTRODUCTIONThe Beginning of successful products is creative idea. The very first step of new product development process is the generation of product ideas.There are two factors that can affect the promotion of a product sexual FACTORSEXTERNAL FACTORSFigure 7 Types of Factors1. INTERNAL FACTORS-These are in company sources of product idea generation. There are four such possible sources, such as1. enquiry AND DEVELOPMENT2. MANUFACTURING PEOPLE3. SALES PEOPLE4. TOP MANAGEMENT2. EXTERNAL FACTORS-External Factors are those factors that are outside the company. These help in developing the new t hinking. It involves consumers, competitors, reseller etc. It Includes1. SECONDARY IMFORMATION2. CONSUMERS3. RESELLERS4. INVENTORS5. COMPETITORS6. FOREIGN MARKETS7. CARTOON AND ANIMATIONS FILMS8. OTHER SOURCES1. SECONDARY cultivation-Most of the business magazines and newspapers have a new product section which provides important randomness about new product.2. CONSUMERS-Customers are very important source of new product ideas. The customers suggestions and complaints are good source of new ideas. A company can arrange meetings of the customers in order to collect information regarding their problems and solutions.3. RESELLERS-Resellers are integral part firms marketing system. They have close concussion with the consumers and well aware about the market changes.Therefore, they can easily suggest fruitful ideas of new products.4. INVENTORS-Most of the companies remain in regular contact with the inventors for new product ideas. Scientists and Engineers can be a key source of tech nological innovations and new product ideas from outside the company.5. COMPETITORS-Manufactures must establish a dinner gown procedure for monitoring the new product activities of their competitors. Competitors product mix also help ingenerating the new product ideas.6. FOREIGN MARKETS-Every country is known for certain product or products. For example Germany-Steel cars France-Wine Italy-Leather products etc. Therefore, for new products ideas one can visits the foreign markets.7. CARTOON AND ANIMATION-The producers and writers of animation films develop and show various animated products and ideas in there films which become a good source of new products ideas.8. OTHER FACTORS There are many other sources from where, we can collect the new products ideas, such as(i) Technical universities, engineering collages, government research laboratories and private research organization.(ii) Industrial consultants, trade associations, advertising agencies.(iii) International trade fairs, e xhibition and technical collaborations.(iv) supplier of raw material, new product consultants etc.(v) Brainstorming sessions of the management and technicians.CONCLUSIONThere are two Factors that are can affect the promotion of a company. First is INTERNAL AND second is EXTERNAL. Here we explain EXTERNAL FACTORS. In Many ways these factors are helpful the promotion of the Company.Q6. Explain the term Marketing objectives and analyse them in relation to a promotional Campaign?MEANING OF MARKETING The meaning of marketing has changed and evolved in the modern world. The Marketing defines as The mathematical process of Management which is responsible for satisfying, identifying and anticipating customer requirements profitability. Now-a-days marketing is based on providing continual benefits to the consumers, these benefits will be provided and a transactional exchange will take place.MARKETING OBJECTIVESINTRODUCTION MARKETING OBJECTIVE is a term which tells us that what the organiza tion is trying to achieve through its marketing activities during a specific period.Roles of Marketing Objectives in transaction to the Promotional Campaign-Campaign is an activity which demands systematic planning. Promotional Campaign can be made successful if marketing objectives are delimit or set properly. Following process can get the escape off to the right startTHERE ARE SEVEN STEPSASSESS MARKETING COMMUNICATION OPPORTUNITIESUSE OF COMMUNICATION CHANNELSontogenesis THE PROMOTIONAL MESSAGEDEVELOPING THE PROMOTIONAL BUDGETDETERMINECAMPAIGNEFFECTIVENESSDETERMINATIONOFOBJECTIVESDEVELOPINGTHE PROMOTIONAL MIXFigure 8 Steps of Marketing Campaign.Assess Marketing Communication Opportunities.It is very important to review and understand the needs of the market, market consumer, competition of the products, current users, decision-makers, groups and the general public.What Communication Channels Will You UseIn the first step of planning everyone should have defined markets, produc ts in the markets and environments of the consumer and the product. The information of these types able to assist in deciding which communication channels will be most beneficial for the organization and their products.Determine Your ObjectivesOne should have to study that the objectives of a promotional campaign are different from marketing campaign. Promotional campaign analyzes the behaviors of those people, who have been exposed to your promotional communication.Determine Your Promotion Mixto determine promotion MIX one should have to allocate resources among sales promotion, publicity, advertising, publicity, E-marketing and personal selling.Develop Your Promotional MessageTo develop promotional message for the product and organization, there is need to sit with the team members, special attentions on the contents of the product, format, structure, content and source of the message.Develop the Promotion BudgetThe most exciting part of the campaign is Promotion Budget. At this stage we need to determine the total promotion budget. The step manifold in these stages are 1. Determining cost breakdowns per territory and 2. Promotional mix elements.Determine Campaign EffectivenessAfter following all the steps of the marketing campaign, the promotional plan must be formal defined in a written document. In this document you should need to specify situation analysis, copy of the platform, timetables for the events and effective integration of the promotional elements with elements in your marketing mix.CONCLUSIONThus we can say that Role of marketing objectives is very important in relation to promotional campaign. There are many different steps these are helpful in market objectives.Q7. Describe Primary and Secondary research and explain the benefits and drawbacks associated with these research methods?As per my opinion, Primary and Secondary research are the difference in conducting the research.PRIMARY exploreIn Primary research, there is no information ava ilable for the researcher thats why researcher has to start from scratches and so-called views.BENEFITS OF PRIMARY RESEARCHQuick and cheap if your sample is smallComputer code-able for quick analysis and repetitionCoding enables multiple comparisons among variablesAllows generalization views to a larger populationVerifiable by replication and re- suspicioning of interviewees/respondentsDRAWBACKS OF PRIMARY RESEARCHUsing a large sample can be time-consumingLarge number of research loses unique meaning and case study data of the specific area.This process takes long time and can be very expensive.If the interpretation of the question changes, this leads to change in the overall result.Researchers can bias the data by concept definition and question framingWe cannot judge the honesty of the responding people.SECONDARY RESEARCHIn Secondary research, the researcher has the primary research collected data available. These research data are made available from other publications or repor ts, like newspaper, books and annual reports of companies. In the secondary research there is no need to start from scratch.BENEFITS OF SECONDARY RESEARCHLow cost to acquire and Easy to access E.g. Library, journals.Clear views about the Research Questions.Easy to conduct research on the question and provide specific result.DRAWBACKS OF SECONDARY RESEARCHLack of consistency and Quality of research.Cannot check Biases and Inaccuracy.Incomplete Information and Expensive charges for full research.The concern over whether any data can be totally separated from the context of its accretionCONCLUSIONThus, we have two research First is Primary and second Secondary Research. Primary research is that in which data are not available firstly data should be collect. In Secondary research data are available there is no need to collect the data. Data nimble by other organization.8Explain the source of Information that are available to Business?INTRODUCTIONBusiness information encompasses a hig h range of sources that people involved in the world of commerce can turn to for data on and discussion of business-related subjects. These sources, which can provided from daily newspapers , financial magazines to professional associates, colleagues, and social contacts, can be invaluable in helping small business owners to tackle various aspects of operations, such as marketing, Research, product forecasting, and competitive analysis.There are two types of source of InformationINTERNAL BUSINESS INFORMATIONEXTERNAL BUSINESS INFORMATIONResearch and DevelopmentManufacturing PeopleSales PeopleTop management sign InformationTelevision and radio InformationOnline InformationCD Rom InformationINTERNALINFORMATIONEXTERNALINFORMATIONFigure 9 Types of Sources.INTERNAL INFORMATIONThese are in business information of product idea generation. There is four such possible information such asRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENTAlmost all big companies have Research and Development Department. This department is responsible for developing new product idea after proper market research and improving the existing products.MANUFACTURING PEOPLEEngineers, scientists and skilled workers who manufacture product often have ideas about product improvement. They do come out with new product ideas, because that is in regular contact with the business-its nature, product, quality etc.SALES PEOPLECompany sales persons can also be a good source of new product ideas. These people know what customers are not getting and what customers want.TOP MANAGEMENTIn fact, it is the responsibility of the top management to explore new product ideas. Their idea can be good because they precisely know about the company needs and resources.EXTERNAL INFORMATIONExternal information can be obtained from printed material AND broadcast reportsPRINT INFORMATIONThe category of print information ranges from large number of books and journals, Newspapers, newsletters and microfilms.TELEVISION AND intercommunicate ME DIABroadcasting media might be least helpful for the small business owner.ONLINE INFORMATIONThere is huge demand of online information in todays world. This is a all-powerful way to get and access information speedly and many ways and in many types. The computer to store, organize and disseminate vast amounts of information has truly revolutionized business publishing. Large number of social marketing and information site are available. Large online search systems can help overcome the incredible fragmentation of make information.SECONDARY STORAGE INFORMATIONSecondary memories like, CD-ROM (compact disc read only memory), hard drives, DVD, Blue-rays are popular alternative to online services.CONCLUSIONThus, we can say that there are many information sources available in business. There is INTERNAL and EXTERNAL Information Available in business. Internal Information is under the business. It is Flexible as well as External Information is under the customers, Producers etc.

Drug Trafficking in the US: Causes and Effects

Drug Trafficking in the US Ca economic consumptions and EffectsDrug Trafficking is a maturation epidemic that faces be great nation and delicate borders e genuinely day. The United States has been chip this battle for decades and in that respect seems no end in sight. When bequeath enough be enough and when will we see diversity across the United States to snag the medicate trafficking worrys? Every day in the virgins there is a headline ab come on medicines and how the prison population is developing because of do medicatess. Something has to be dvirtuoso and done soon before we run out of money and preservet support the War on Drugs any more than than(prenominal)(prenominal) and it rules be monastic order at a level that we can non control. This paper will analyze the different issues of do doses trafficking that we ar having in the States.In America, drug trafficking has become an add-ond puzzle and is continually on the rise even since the era when chairp erson Nixon established the famous phrase War on Drugs in 1968. Drug trafficking is defined and consists of selling or distri yeting il healthy drugs. In the 1960s this was a known but was referred to as recreational use and there was not much done to frame up a stop to it. This problem has produced a global network of illegal acts that has interpreted over communities all over the globe and even in the chokeyards of nigh of our own communities here in America. It is important that we analyze the issues, look at the pros and cons of the prevention and control measurements and decide what the next move for America will be on the War on Drugs.According to US Legal the federal government has given out guidelines for sentencing to state and local officials that forbids the manufacture, import, export, distribution, or dispensing of a controlled meat or the possession of a controlled substance. Although drugs make up been around for many decades it wasnt until the 1960s when the government started to crack down on the use. There was a sudden increase in the 1960s in the use of marihuana, amphetamines, and psychedelics were the government had to finally step and try and gain control. champion of the most known acts to put a stop to the drug craftsmanship would be in 1973 when the Drug Enforcement theatrical (DEA) was developed. The DEAs mission statement today is to enforce the controlled substances laws and regulations of the United States and bring to the criminal and civil arbitrator system of the United States, or any other competent jurisdiction, those arrangements and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or bound for adulterous traffic in the United States and to recommend and support non-enforcement chopines aimed at reducing the availability of illicit controlled substances on the domestic and international markets.Drug trafficking is one of the most extensive operations gentlemans gentlemanwide with bringing in billions of dollars annually. These operations atomic number 18 led by sophisticated organizations that pee-pee no regard of laws or rules. atomic number 53 of the most juvenile countries in todays news that is having a huge influence in the drug trade is Mexico. The New York Times says that more than 28,000 lot necessitate been killed since the new president Felipe Caldern started to tackle the drug trade in Mexico. In 2006 the Mexican president started an offence to stop the drug trade in Mexico by sending his troops and police force out into battle against the drug cartels but needinessed the United States to be held responsible for its actions since Americans be the ones that influence the drug trade with the laid-back demand. If the demand is low then the supply would have to be low, so therefore the United States has to figure out how to reduce the demand and stop the supply.Two of the main methods of d rug trafficking are sea and air. During the early 1980s drug trafficking pilots were flying to South America and brining the shipments back to America for distribution. These pilots were getting paid thousands of dollars and had little to worry about because of sophisticated approaches of bypassing the law. One of the most recognized cases of air drug trafficking is the Devoe Airlines which was busted by the DEA in 1984. They DEA discovered that Devoe Airlines was responsible for one of the biggest drug bust of Cocaine they had ever seen. Jack Devoe was the CEO and leader of the smuggling plan that would fly to South American and then fly back into the states and distribute the drugs back to the cartels. Obviously after the DEA caught onto their plan the airlines was shut down and Jack Devoe was convicted. The DEA has become a powerful organization of stopping the drug trade which operates over land, sea, and air. This did not happen overnight this was a process that started with trial and error. The DEA experienced the use of planes in the 1970s has a means to stop drug trafficking since drug traffickers had no means of boundaries.Using air has a means to stop the drug traffickers was a success and the DEA increase their fleet fast. According to the DEA museum there were 41 Pilots and 24 planes working in the U.S. in 1973. Drug trafficking on the seas is one of the oldest trades and smuggling drugs into the ports of American cities is an overgrowing problem. The DEA works with the swoop Guard on an everyday occurrence to stop the drug trafficking on the seas. The DEA has a hard job especially since the supply and demand is always on the rise and the criminals are always thinking of new ways to outmaneuver the law.In 1988 the White House created the discipline Drug Control Policy which came from the Anti-drug ill-use act. The Office of National Drug Control Policy states the following purposesThe goals of the course are to reduce illicit drug use, manu facturing, and trafficking, drug-related crime and violence, and drug-related health consequences. (http//www.whitehousedrugpolicy.gov)One of the programs that this delegacy created was the High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area Program (HIDTA) which provides federal assets to areas that are hit hard with drug trafficking. Basically areas that are seen has a treat for drug trafficking are bring home the baconed to use this program to stop drug related problems and they can likewise share information throughout the different law enforcement agencies. The DEA and National Drug Control Agency are just a few agencies that provide resources and law enforcement which are trying to crack down on the ever-growing drug trafficking problem. With their hard work and conclusion to stop these problems they are faced with countless issues that bring their operations to a sluggish halt every day.One of the most overlooked and not interpreted serious issues is analyzing the statistics of the pris on population and a federal commission program that can set forth new polices that can make changes to the criminal rightness laws with political oversight. Here are a few fire statistics of the prison population sum of money Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (2009) states Current illicit drug use among persons aged 12 or older varied by race/ethnicity in 2008, with the lowest rate among Asians (3.6 pct). Rates were 14.7 portion for persons describe two or more races, 10.1 percent for blacks, 9.5 percent for American Indians or Alaska Natives, 8.2 percent for whites, 7.3 percent of Native Hawaiians or Other Pacific Islanders, and 6.2 percent for Hispanics. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration states there are racial disparities in the rates of drug arrests which conclude in superior racial imbalances among incarcerated drug offenders. They say that two-thirds of drug arrests result in a criminal conviction but many convicted drug offender s are sentenced to incarceration an estimated 67 percent of convicted felony drug defendants are sentenced to jail or prison. The criminal justice system that we have set in place now is making America which scarcely has 5% of the population in the world have the highest incarceration rate in the world. Changes take on to happen in the Criminal Justice system when it comes to sentencing drug offenders.A few of the red-hot macrocosmations that prevent the stopping of drug trafficking are Mexico, Demand, and Legalization. These issues are deep and routed with great deliberation that have not been resolved and are having a huge influence on the drug trade every day. The Mexican Drug War is a war that is taking place in Mexico where the government is fighting the Drug Cartels which is trying to prevent the drug trafficking. Drug Trafficking has existed in Mexico for a enormous time now but in the new-fashioned decades it has become very noticeable with the drug cartels gaining power and control.The Council of Foreign Relations stats that there have been more than 2,500 drug cartel related deaths in 2007, and more than 4,000 deaths in 2008. These drug cartels are ruthless with their actions has they are bringing local battles to the streets of innocent citizens and making it a turf war. The Mexican police have not gained any ground in stopping them has the local Mexican-US border towns are be coming more devastated from the drug trafficking every day. The State Department stated in 2008 that that 90% of the cocaine smuggled into the United States came across the Mexican border.The ruthlessness of this crisis is Mexico reached an all time peak in 2006 and has been on the rise. The drug cartels are employ violence that is only seen in times of war much(prenominal) has beheading anyone that opposes there power. The cartels have it out especially for the police, media, and government officials. It was reported in 2008 that the Mexican federal police chief wa s killed by drug cartels during a drug bust. Since the Mexican multitude has been deployed inside their sphere with trying to stop the growing cartels power it has been though through many public forums that this is only a quick solution to the problem. Although there hasnt been any other real solutions brought to the table and when the Mexican President was elected he had to act quickly. One of his only choices was by sending troops into the cities to stop the violent behavior.Through the past couple years since the military deployment in Mexico and the growing violence some officials have brought to light some new tactics on the military involvement. Once the military was deployed it brought the media into the actions which brought a world presence. The media was able to shed light on how bad the crime truly was and how bad the drug trafficking was becoming in the Mexico-US border towns. Some of the attention that has taken places has been the followingJudicial transformation in Mexico that brought forth a speedy process trial used in a speedy warrant case. These sensitive groups of judges can act quickly with allowing the evidence to be new and the sentencing to be fast. They besides created a criminal database and a group of police officials that will track proximo criminals and their actions. Mexico has also been on the rise in the extraditing process since 2006 of cartel criminals from the United States. One of the most recognized contributions in fighting the war on drugs in Mexico is the Merida Initiative.The Merida Initiative is an agreement that President Calderon and President George W. Bush put into effect in stopping the narcotics trade in Mexico and United States. The scrap that was presented to President Bush was that Mexico was producing over 18 tons of heroin, and 16,000 tons of cannabis which was recorded in 2007. The drug trade was creating a profit of over $13-$25 billion dollars and over 500,000 people in Mexico where involved in so me type of drug trade operation. President Calderon also explained that must of the drug lords where armament themselves with American Guns that came across the American borders into Mexico. Posing these problems to the United States congress acted by responded with the different types of aid.There was over $465 million dollars spent in 2008 in the counterbalance phase of the Merida Initiative, mostly all of the money was spent in Mexico but there were some other countries in South America that also received money as well. President Caldron greatly appreciated the aid from the United States to help fight the war on drugs but he has also identified many problems with in his own country that has an enormous effect on the drug trafficking. Some of the problems that the Mexico President is fighting are mess upion, Judicial Reform, money laundering, and border security.There are many skeptics across the nation that are saying that it is going to take too long for the President Caldron to micturate his country much less the drug trafficking that is effecting the borders. Time will only tell how well the Merida Initiative is going to affect the drug trade but at least its action and something is being done about it.One of the overlooked problems in drug trafficking is that the majority of buyers of the drug trade are coming within the United States. If we looked at this closely we could make the assumption that the drug cartels would be out of pipeline if the demand was low or there was no demand at all. Therefore has long has the demand is high there is going to be business in America. Its all about the supply and demand. extra time since the war on drugs has taken place the supply has increased and the demand has grown off the charts. We can control the borders all we want but has long as there are consumers of a drug they will find ways to get it, especially since its a drug that alters the mind in the world-class place. According to the Office of National D rug Control Policy in 2009, 104 million Americans age 12 or older have tried Marijuana at least once, which is 41.5% of the US Population. There are many statistics and data that show the demand for drugs in the United States and around the world, so until we solve the problem of the demand then there will always be one around.One of the raised topics in our society today about the demand of drugs and the drug trade is to end the prohibition of illegal drugs. If we made drugs legal then the drug cartels would be out of business and then the government could control the growth and tax the crop. Basically or else of focusing all of the attention on the supply and how to stop the drug supply the government would not have to overlook hardly any money, but yet would make money off of taxing the drugs. If one could only imagine gangs, and drug cartels going out of business because they lose their biggest revenue what would the world be like?Not all drugs would be legal but drugs such as marijuana could become legal without much backlash. Once the government makes it legal and starts to make money off of the taxes than they could reinvest the money back into programs that fight against using the drug, just like fighting weed and alcohol abuse.With crime on the rise and drug trafficking coming from Mexico the hot topic on the table is should we just go ahead and legalize marijuana like the Netherlands did. There are some pessimistic views with making this type of change though by looking at other countries such as Netherlands and seeing how it works there. According to the druglibrary.org the government doesnt really make anything of taxing marijuana because majority of the crime and unemployed come from using the legalized drug. The government in the Netherlands spends millions of dollars on welfare which relate to the high drug use by the citizens. The Netherlands states that one of the reasons that they legalized marijuana was to stop drug trafficking and to r educe the harm to the citizens. Although they keep a strict enforcement on the drugs that are allowed it has seemed to just put a band-aid on the problem with no real solution. Obviously just fighting the supply is not really making a huge difference to the drug trafficking in America because the demand is still high in effect. If the legalization of marijuana was to take place it is believed that the demand would go up even higher because the risk for buying the drug would be out of the picture. With no risk of getting in trouble than more people would want to purchases the product.The government could control the supply by taxing at certain prices high or low depending on how the revenues look. If it was made legal there would have to be a lot of laws that would have to be put in place to control the abuse of the product for instance like alcohol.There is unlimited amount of data that states that drugs are terrible and that drugs lead to crimes, so has much as we want to debate th e hot topic of legalization it will cause the war on drugs to become even a bigger disaster than it all ready is. Here are a few concerning quotes from interesting sources around the nation on their views of legalization.The Journal of the American Medical Association in 1994 reports that cocaine use is linked to high rates of homicide in New York City and that homicide victims may have provoked violence through irritability, paranoid thinking or verbal and physical antagonism which are known to be pharmacologic effects of cocaine.The Department of Justice Drug Use Forecasting (DUF) program underscores the crime-drugs link. Of a sample of males arrested in 23 U.S. cities in 1993, the percent testing despotic for at least one drug in the DUF survey ranged from 54% in Omaha to 81% in Chicago. Among pistillate arrestees, the percent testing positive for any drug in 20 cities ranged from 42% in San Antonio to 83% in Manhattan.All legalization will do is increase the use and the crime to unseen ratios that have ever been seen before. With this being said there are groups or organizations such as the LEAP (Law Enforcement Against Prohibition) that are willing and wanting to legalize all drugs. Their attitude is to stop prohibition of all drugs in order to stop the drug trafficking problems and bring safety to the citizens. The topic of legalization is being broadcasted all through Congress and the White House even during a YouTube the LEAP had the highest rated questions on legalization for the President Obama to answer which is he does not agree with. There are many views on this topic and there are good signifys on both sides of the fences but something get hold ofs to be done. What needs to happen is fight the war on drugs and stop the drug trafficking problem in America. We need to increase the environment around us with positive effects to increase the positives outcomes.Over the past few decades the United States has established all types of different con trol measures to stop the drug trade in America and abroad. For instance we have all types of laws that fit each type of drug and the penalties for having these drugs on you can cost you many years behind bars. For example cocaine, if you have a second disrespect charge you will get no less than 10 years behind bars, or a second offense of trafficking marijuana could cost you no less than 20 years in prison. If these laws are so strict why do Americans take the risk in using a drug that could cost them so much time behind bars? Under the US Code Offenses and Penalties there are over 24 sections that relate to drug charges and trafficking. This control measures are serious but yet the trafficking is gaining ground every day.The most well known control measure that has been in place for a while now, but has gained media attention lately is the establishment of US Customs and Border Control which falls under the mother country Security Agency. One of the main missions that the Border Control has to deal with is stopping narcotics from entering the United States. A news release was issued in October 2010 stating that the Border patrol in Arizona seized more than 580 pounds of crystal methamphetamineworth over $535,500 depending on the location that it is sold in. That same day they had another incident where they seized more than 570 pounds of marijuana worth over $455,000. This shows that the drug trade is alive and well all around the borders. The border control is a method of stopping the drug trafficking problem with in the United States but there is a lot of improvement that can be done in this area to ensure more drugs get off the streets.It is amazing that we has the United States are setoff to go and fight and win hearts and minds in countries abroad but yet we have a growing epidemic of drugs taking place in the United States where it has been labeled a war on drugs. We have only sent 1200 National Guard troops to the borders to help assist the Border Patrol agents in the past year. That is a start but if we started to take care of our own country a little more compared to re conditioning nations that feel has if we should not be in there country then maybe, just maybe the progress on the drug trade would start to decline. Maybe each state should be deploying there National Guard assets to their borders and start fighting the drug cartels on the borders in relationship with the Border Patrol, and let them know we are not playing games.Although this would not be a long term fix to the situation we would need one because drugs will still be around, and the cartels will just find new ways to maneuver the drugs in and out of America. The cost alone would not be something the United States would be able to maintain for a long period of time so it might be a good base just to use the money to educate, build national treatment centers, and reform drug incarceration. If we started to reform these ideas with the money that we are spendin g in other countries and the failed war on drugs across the border then we might lower the demand which will take away jobs in the drug cartels and the supply would decrease because of the demand. direction on drugs has been around for decades now with one of the most well known programs being D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education). D.A.R.E is an officer lead program that is established in the public school districts where officers give class room lectures to students on drugs and how they can negatively affect you. The program used to be a well funded program and was gaining national attention across America but over recent years it has lost its enthusiasm throughout the schools.Although this is not the case in okay were it leads all states in D.A.R.E programs in schools. Education on drugs at an early age is vitally important to the success of our students since drugs are on all the streets that are kids are surrounded by. The peer pressure to try drugs has been happening at a younger and younger age every year. If we can educate more kids on the negative effects of drugs and increase the positive recreation activities for kids then we might see a decline in drug abuse. According to D.A.R.E in 2006 more than 2.1 million teens abused prescription drugs andmost teens get these drugs from friends and family. One of growing epidemic drugs in schools our anabolic steroids which reached a peak use in 2002 and has been growing ever since. Then there is alcohol use amongst kids at an early age and is usually the gateway drug that leads into many more drugs such marijuana, ecstasy, and cocaine.The Office of National Drug Control Policy has established some educational programs throughout the country that are to increase positive environments for kids and to educate kids on drugs. These programs include Boys and Girls Club, D.A.R.E, Drug Free Communities Support Program, Drugs and Sports, and Office of Safe and Drug Free Schools just to name a few programs that t he government supports. Another very interesting program is the American Council for Drug education which is a substance abuse and prevention program that bases there information on the most recent data on drugs and creates material for education purposes. These programs are great and it does deter away some students from the use of drugs but not all and that is way drug use is growing at such a fast pace, so more needs to be done instead of just having these educational programs.A few ideas would be to implement a drug abuse class that students have to participate in once a year or they can choose to participate in it as taking as a elective and it can go towards there diploma.Then there is the idea of starting time a mentor program to start mentoring younger students in the school districts and holding kids more responsible for their actions. Kids need good role models to follow and if there are positive kids in schools that are willing to be a mentor to a younger student in the schools then we should allow this to happen. The program would be a big sister or big brother program and would allow the older students for instance the high school students to mentor the lay school students once they have meet certain criteria and have not had any discipline actions against them. Then if the program works then would could start having college students mentoring high school kids in all areas. This would allow kids to see goals and allow them to have something to work towards. They would have someone a little older to talk to besides their parents but someone that they could relate to in a positive way. A lot of times we allow are kids to go through school defend for their self and allowing their role models come from TV.The National Institute on Drug Abuse has lead a ground breaking information fact sheet that highlights the good and the bad among drug statistics in schools. One of their positive findings in school age kids is the decline of cigarette use among kids and is at the lowest point in history. This is fantastic news since cigarette use is also labeled a gateway drug and is one of the most addictive drugs on the market. One of their areas of concerns in High Schools is the use of marijuana, and prescription drugs which is still increasing every day. One of the best ways to treat this growing problem is to infiltrate the poorer communities with extremely funded educational programs that fight against drug use. Education and how we teach are younger generations will be vital if we plan on having a bright future of success in the Unites States. A lot of people will argue that the gang population is growing and is increasing in these poorer neighborhoods around America and are corrupting the schools and the education programs.This is where the federal government should help fund state programs and increase the local police departments and start shutting down gangs on the streets. We need to start a surge of police on the streets now in order to get a hold of the violence and growing drug problem.Gangs are the main distributors of drugs in the United States and street gangs are the managers of local organization crime that has the influence of drug control in local neighborhoods. There are currently over 21,500 gangs and with over 731,000 members in the United States. According to a 2001 Department of Justice survey, 20 percent of students aged 12 through 18 reported that street gangs had been present at their school during the previous 6 months. The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse (CASA) claims that 27 percent of public school students aged 12 to 17 attend schools that are both gang and drug-infected. This shows that 5.7 million students attend schools which are both gang and drug dominated around America. The relationship of gangs and drugs is an epidemic monster that must be crushed now in order to stop drug trafficking. One of the interesting points that the CASA points out is the relations hip between public and private schools and how drug use is more prevalent among public school children then private school children. defend are education system must be protected and the government needs to ensure this is happening with a reformation act that sets forth new polices and laws that can do this. We need to flood the education system with money and highly educated teachers that can handle and maintain the education system with the growing violence on the streets of education. Once we dismantle the gang population then the drug trafficking will decrease. The focus should start in poor rural communities first and then spread to the inner cities.The focal point should be on rebuilding schools, community buildings, job growth, and helping the youth become more plastic and adaptive. We do this and change will begin to grow like a wild flower among are communities and change is what we need to stop the drug war.One of the other approaches that we need to try is building more drug treatment centers among are communities with a community based outlook. We take the drug abusers off the streets that want help, apply them with education and a fresh start to society, and then give them the tools to make it on their own. We need these centers all over, and we need to look at attaching these centers to public schools allowing are youth to get help with the option of not receiving backlash from parents. Drug treatment centers provide rehabilitation services for all types of drug abuses and addictions. We should allow these centers to work in partnership with local police stations to find the people that need or want help instead of locking them up in the prison system and then making the matters worse once they are released. The prison system shouldnt be used as a drug rehabilitation center for society but used to lock criminals up that have committed horrible crimes. Prisons are not equipped with the right resources to smite the quest of drug rehabilitation, s o we need to conquer this on the streets before they end up in prison. We know that these treatment centers work and so do the drug cartels. The Washington Post wrote an article on the Mexican cartels and how they have taken over some of the treatment centers in Mexico and using them has a enlisting center for drug addicts. These treatment centers need to be a nationally protected and funded program by the government so we can keep these gangs out of the way of helping people that want help.Reformation of laws and regulation are one of the hottest debated issues in the criminal justice system especially when it comes to sending people to prison and they way we go about helping individuals.The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) states their mission statement as Drug Law Reform Projects goal is to end punitive drug policies that cause the widespread violation of constitutional and human rights, as well as unprecedented levels of incarceration. The ACLU fights for individuals that a re serving time in prison for non violent crimes and trying to get them released by trying to get the President involved. One of the most informative and interesting organizations that are fighting for reform is the Drug Sense organization which a nonprofit organization informing the community as a database of articles that show information that pertains to the war on drugs. Reformation needs to take place in drug laws, and prisons around the United States, because our laws are outdated and are prison system is outdated as well.Prison reform is needed to improve the system and rehabilitation process to have a more effective system for the new generation ahead. slump now are system is working against us with overcrowding, and repeat offender population. We need to build are prison to rehabilitate the ones that want to be rehabilitated and build prisons for individuals that cause harm separate from others. We need to separate these individuals once they are introduced into the prison system. If we do this we stop certain crimes from being committed and we also have a chance of stopping repeat offenders. Right now our prisons are overcrowded and we are intermixing everyone together even the weak with the strong and the system is becoming corrupt and the weak ones are becoming prey. The system must allow these criminal minds to be used in a positive way so when they are released they can bring something back to society in a positive way.If we increase the manual labor that inmates have to perform each day instead of sitting in the cell for 23 hours of the day then we might be able to save money at the state and federal level.It would also give the inmates something to do and give them the chance to clear their thoug

Summary of The Pianist Essay -- essays research papers

The PianistSummaryFrom 1939 to 1945, the world merely watched while six million Jews were viciously executed by the Nazis. Never in the hi recital of the world had composition kind experienced such evil against one class of people. The Pianist, a movie directed by Roman Polanski, is a touching, yet brut totallyy fairish film about a man living under the unforgiving conditions of the Holocaust. Adrien Brody demonstrates spectacular acting skills while playing this man, Wladyslaw Szpilman. The story starts out in Warsaw, Poland, 1939, at the house of Szpilmans Jewish family. Szpilman helped to support his family by playing the piano at different cafes and bars, and for the Polish radio station. By 1940, the Nazi force had already impacted many of the Jewish population. The Jewish were only allowed into some shops and restaurants, they had to walk in the gutters, and bow to the Nazis. On October 13, 1940, the Nazis issued an announcement stating that all Jews had to report to a firmn ess of purpose in Warsaw by the 31st and wear one-inch armbands with the Star of David printed on them. This was to dist... Summary of The Pianist Essay -- essays research documentThe PianistSummaryFrom 1939 to 1945, the world merely watched while six million Jews were viciously executed by the Nazis. Never in the history of the world had man kind experienced such evil against one class of people. The Pianist, a movie directed by Roman Polanski, is a touching, yet brutally honest film about a man living under the unforgiving conditions of the Holocaust. Adrien Brody demonstrates spectacular acting skills while playing this man, Wladyslaw Szpilman. The story starts out in Warsaw, Poland, 1939, at the house of Szpilmans Jewish family. Szpilman helped to support his family by playing the piano at different cafes and bars, and for the Polish radio station. By 1940, the Nazi force had already impacted many of the Jewish population. The Jewish were only allowed into some shops and restaurants, they had to walk in the gutters, and bow to the Nazis. On October 13, 1940, the Nazis issued an announcement stating that all Jews had to report to a settlement in Warsaw by the 31st and wear one-inch armbands with the Star of David printed on them. This was to dist...

Unique Cultures in Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things and Chinua A

Unique Cultures in Arundhati Roys The God of Small Things and Chinua Achebes Things legislate isolated in that location are a variety of destinations in this world and each culture is unique. Usually when one was born and raised in a certain culture, that person may adapt to that culture for a period of time. It is sometimes difficult to look into someone elses culture, and understand their culture. sometimes one must keep an open mind, study the culture, or live in another culture to understand the culture. When showing The God of Small Things by Arundhati Roy, and Things Fall Apart, by Chinua Achebe one must look beyond their culture to understand how others live in a different culture. When I read Roys novel, I did not get a great understanding of the novel, because it was difficult to follow. I did not know a lot about the culture earlier I read novel. Both text discusses a particular cultural group, and as the narrator tells the myth the narrator intertwines the cultural elements with the actual story being told. The differences between the text were the way the text was structured, and how the stories were told. Also, both texts contained different religions practiced by the particular cultural group.In The God of Small Things, and Things Fall Apart both consist a particular cultural groups. In The God of Small Things, the people in the story were Pakistan Indian. The way Roy described the range in the story, and how the people looked gave an idea of where the story took place. Plus she also mentioned some cities that are in India. Roy described the rivers as being unclean, but people would strip themselves in the river. The women wore saris. The immediate families and extended families seemed to live together also. I... ...me language in the text also. The African clan and Pakistan Indians had different religions. The African clan believed in spirits, and the Pakistan Indians believed in the Muslim faith. Both novels were great novels to read, if one wants to learn more about a particular culture. The God of Small Things is a little difficult to understand. There were so many different meanings in the novel. I believe that people should get a better understanding of ones culture before one reads a novel of a different culture. If one does not understand the culture, one can misinterpret the meanings in the story.Work CitedAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H. Abrams. 7th ed. vol. 2c. New York W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2000. pp.2617-2703.Roy, Arundhati. The God of Small Things. New York Random House, Inc., 1997.

Theme of Epiphany in James Joyces Ulysses Essay -- Joyce Ulysses Essa

The Theme of Epiphany in Ulysses James Joyces Ulysses is a novel of epic proportions that has been entitle the greatest piece of literature of the twentieth century. Ulysses takes place in Dublin, Ireland on June 16, 1904. The book is full of parallels, metaphors, and experimental literary techniques. However, a dominant theme is that of epiphany. not necessarily religious in meaning, the Joycean idea of epiphany is a sudden discovery of the essential nature or meaning of something. In Ulysses, Joyce describes the pursuits of two main protagonists, Leopold rash and Stephen Dedalus, both individuals yearning for something more. As the day progresses the two char cropers unknowingly cross paths until, as a result of their day, they finally meet. In doing so, they find in distributively other humanistic ideals, in the form of individual epiphanies, that are needed to complete their yearnings. Joyce uses these epiphanies to represent his theme of the ability of a single day to act as a microcosm of the many facets of human society. Stephen Dedalus is first introduced in a tower in Sandycove that he is renting and sharing with friend Buck Mulligan. while going about their morning routines it becomes evident that Stephen is upset, with Mulligan and the situation, and after a conversation filled with mockery and annoyance, Stephen vows not to return to the tower that night. Stephen, now homeless, takes to the thoroughfare hoping to find solace in the city. Stephen is recently back in Dublin from a self-exile in Paris. He has completed his bachelor degree and is very educated, in particular in language and the humanities. However, as he has grown in learning and experience, he is still lacking essential characteristics ... ...shows not just Stephen has grown that day. By showing in full the transpiring of one single day and the effect it has on two distinct yet dynamic character, James Joyce has make Ulysses a book about the success of humanity. It is hard t o believe that a novel that has had such a battle with censors due to its obscenity can lay out society in a moral, positive manner. But in the less than 24 hours of action, almost 800 pages of language, can be found many things. One is the make do of the family, shown through Stephen (son), Bloom (father), and Molly (mother). More importantly is the power of one day, with its events and epiphanies, and the fact that that day could be any day or every day. Bibliography Joyce, James. Ulysses. mod Library Edition, 1934. Tindall, William York. A Readers Guide to James Joyce. Syracuse University Press Edition, 1959